Federal Budget Links and Research Tools
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Related Courses and
Audio CDs |
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Primary Sources
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Office of Management and Budget
OMB's predominant mission is to assist the President in overseeing
the preparation of the federal budget and to supervise its
administration in Executive Branch agencies. In helping to
formulate the President's spending plans, OMB evaluates the
effectiveness of agency programs, policies, and procedures,
assesses competing funding demands among agencies, and sets
funding priorities. |
House Budget Committee
Senate Budget Committee
The Budget Committees
of the House and Senate develop the annual budget resolution,
after receiving testimony from executive branch officials, Members
of Congress, and the public, and receiving "views and estimates"
statements from other congressional committees with jurisdiction
over spending and revenues. |
Congressional Budget Office
CBO provides the Congress with the objective, timely, nonpartisan
analyses needed for economic and budget decisions and with the
information and estimates required for the Congressional budget
process. |
House
Appropriations Committee
Senate Appropriations Committee
House Ways and Means
Committee
Senate Finance Committee
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Government Accountability Office
GAO is an independent and nonpartisan agency that works for Congress
and the American people. It studies how the federal government
spends taxpayer dollars and advises Congress and the heads of
executive agencies about ways to make government more effective
and responsive. |
Joint Committee on Taxation
.
Among its duties, the Joint Committee provides revenue estimates
for all tax legislation considered by either the House or the
Senate. Such estimates are the official Congressional estimates
for reported tax legislation |
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Secondary Sources
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Center on Budget and Policy
Priorities
The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities conducts research at
the federal and state levels on fiscal policy and public programs
that affect low- and moderate-income families and individuals
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Economy.com
Economy.com, Inc. is a leading independent provider of economic,
financial, country, and industry research |
Citizens for Tax Justice
Citizens for Tax Justice is a non-partisan, nonprofit research and
advocacy organization dedicated to fair taxation at the federal,
state, and local levels. |
GalleryWatch US Budget
GalleryWatch.com's mission is to become the premier single online
source for real-time legislative, regulatory, and government
information services. |
The Brookings Institution
The Brookings Institution is an independent, non-partisan
organization devoted to research, analysis, and public education
with an emphasis on economics, foreign policy, governance, and
metropolitan policy. |
National Bureau Of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research is a private, nonprofit,
non-partisan research organization dedicated to promoting a greater
understanding of how the economy works. |
The Concord Coalition
The Concord Coalition is a nonpartisan, grassroots organization
advocating fiscal responsibility particularly as it relates to
Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. |
Progressive Policy Institute
The Progressive Policy Institute is a research and education
institute whose mission is to define and promote a new progressive
politics for America in the 21st century. |
The Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation is a research and educational institute
whose mission is to formulate and promote conservative public
policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited
government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a
strong national defense. |
Tax Policy Center - A Project of the
Urban Institute & the Brookings Institution
The Tax Policy Center is a joint venture of the Urban Institute
and Brookings Institution. The Center provides analysis and facts
about tax policy to policymakers, journalists, citizens, and
researchers. |
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American Association for Budget and Program Analysis
The American Association for
Budget and Program Analysis assists state and local government
managers and analysts, corporate executives and academic
specialists in the fields of public budgeting and program
analysis.
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The American Enterprise Institute
for Public Policy Research
The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
conducts scholarly research in economics and trade; social
welfare; government tax, spending, regulatory, and legal policies;
U.S. politics; international affairs; and U.S. defense and foreign
policies. |
American Association for Budget and
Program Analysis
The American Association for Budget and Program Analysis assists
state and local government managers and analysts, corporate
executives and academic specialists in the fields of public
budgeting and program analysis. |
The
Cato Institute
The Cato Institute is a
nonprofit public policy research foundation that strives to
achieve greater involvement of the concerned public in questions
of policy and the proper role of government.
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Committee for Economic Development
The Committee for Economic Development (CED) is an independent,
nonpartisan organization of business and education leaders
dedicated to policy research on major economic and social issues.
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The Conference Board
The Conference Board is a nonprofit organization that creates
and disseminates knowledge about management and the marketplace to
help businesses strengthen their performance and better serve
society. |
CQ Budget Tracker
CQ Budget Tracker is "the most authoritative and comprehensive
source available for information on the congressional
appropriations process." |
The Performance Institute
The Performance Institute is a private, non-partisan think tank
improving government results through the principles of
performance, competition, transparency, and accountability.
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The Urban Institute
A Nonpartisan Economic and Social Policy Research Organization
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"Fiscal Stewardship: A Critical Challenge Facing Our Nation," GAO Report GAO-07-362SP, January 31, 2007
(26-page pdf
 )
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Budget of the United States Government,
Fiscal Year 2009
(large file)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/
Table of Contents, FY 2009
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/budget.html
Major Savings and Reforms in the President's 2009 Budget,
February 2008 (194 page pdf
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CRS Report: "The Budget for Fiscal Year 2009," by
D. Andrew Austin, RL34419, March 19, 2008
(31-page pdf
)
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Budget of the United States Government,
Fiscal Year 2008
(large file)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2008/
Table of Contents, FY 2008
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2008/budget.html
Major Savings and Reforms in the President's 2008 Budget,
February 2007 (211 page pdf
)
CRS Report: "The Budget for Fiscal Year 2008," by Philip Winters, RL33915, March
12, 2007
(20-page pdf
)
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Budget of the United States Government,
Fiscal Year 2007
(large file)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2007
Table of Contents, FY 2007
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2007/budget.html
Major Savings and Reforms in the President's 2007 Budget,
February 2006 (226 page pdf
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Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) 2007 Budget (Excel
spreadsheet)
CRS Report: "The Budget for Fiscal Year 2007," by Philip Winters, RL33282, March
23, 2006
(22-page pdf
)
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Budget of the United States Government,
Fiscal Year 2006
(large file)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2006
Table of Contents, FY 2006
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2006/budget.html
CRS Report: "The Budget for Fiscal Year 2006," by Philip Winters, RL32812, March 31, 2005
(21-page pdf
)
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Budget of the United States Government,
Fiscal Year 2005
(large file)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2005
Table of Contents, FY 2005
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2005/budget.html
CRS Report: "The Budget for Fiscal Year 2005," by Philip Winters, RL32264, May 27, 2005
(28-page pdf
)
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Budget of the United States Government,
Fiscal Year 2004
(large file)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2004/
Table of Contents, FY 2004
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2004/budget.html
CRS Reports
on the Budget Process (pdfs
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Budget Reconciliation Legislation in 2005, by Robert Keith, RL33132,
December 8, 2005 (36-page pdf
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Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent Practices, by Sandy Streeter, RL30343, January 10, 2005
(16-page pdf
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The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview, by
James V. Saturno, RS20095, December 9, 2004 (6-page pdf
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Allocations and
Subdivisions in the Congressional Budget Process, by Bill Heniff
Jr., RS20144, August 29, 2003
(2-page pdf
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The Executive
Budget Process Timetable, by Bill Heniff
Jr., RS20152, July 28, 2003
(2-page pdf
)
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Congressional Budget
Resolutions: Formulation, Content, and Historical Information,
by Jennifer Suttle, December 2, 1996
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Appropriations Bills: What Is Report Language?,
by Sandy Streeter, 98-558 GOV, October 21, 2004
(2-page pdf
)
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Earmarks and Limitations in Appropriations Bills,
by Sandy Streeter, 98-518 GOV, December 7, 2004
(3-page pdf
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Government Performance and Results Act and the Appropriations
Process,
by Sandy Streeter, August 27, 1998
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Baselines and Scorekeeping in the Federal Budget Process, by Bill Heniff
Jr., 98-560 GOV, September 5, 2003
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The
Budget Enforcement Act: Its Operation Under a Budget Surplus, by
James Saturno, February 11, 1998
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Discretionary
Spending Limits, by Bill Heniff
Jr., RS20008, March 19, 2001
(2-page pdf
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Pay-As-You-Go Rules
in the Federal Budget Process, by Bill Heniff
Jr., RS20006, March 5, 2001
(2-page pdf
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The Sequestration
Process, by Bill Heniff
Jr., RS20007, March 19, 2001
(2-page pdf
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Timetable for Sequestration Actions,
by Bill Heniff
Jr., RS20005, March 5, 2001
(2-page pdf
)
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Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration,
by Bill Heniff Jr., 98-814 GOV, December 8, 2006
(2-page pdf
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Congressional Budget
Act Points of Order, by Bill Heniff
Jr., 98-876 GOV, March 5, 2001
(2-page pdf
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The
Congressional Budget Process Timetable,
by Bill Heniff
Jr., 98-472 GOV, July 17, 2003
(2-page pdf
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Consideration of the
Budget Resolution, by Bill Heniff
Jr., 98-511 GOV, July 17, 2003
(2-page pdf
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Formulation and
Content of the Budget Resolution, by Bill Heniff
Jr., 98-512 GOV, July 17, 2003
(2-page pdf
)
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The
Senate's Byrd Rule Against Extraneous Matter in Reconciliation
Measures, by Robert Keith, RL30862, April 7, 2005 (37-page pdf
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The
President's Budget: Requirement for a Mid-Session Review, by Robert Keith, RL32509,
August 2, 2004 (12-page pdf
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Debt-Limit Legislation in the Congressional Budget Process, by
Bill
Heniff Jr., 98-453 GOV, February 22, 2005
(2-page pdf
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Revenue Legislation in the Congressional Budget Process,
by Bill Heniff
Jr., 98-471 GOV, June 13, 2003
(2-page pdf
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Tax-Cut Legislation: Applicable Budget Enforcement Procedures, by Robert Keith,
98-3009, December 31, 1998
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The Role of the
President in Budget Development, by Bill Heniff
Jr., RS20179, August 28, 2003
(2-page pdf
)
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S.Res. 160: Rule XVI and Reversing the Hutchison and FedEx
Precedents, by Paul Rundquist, RS20276, July 29, 1999
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Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Effects, and Process, by
Kevin Kosar, 98-844, September 20, 2004
(6-page pdf
)
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Preventing Federal Government Shutdowns: Proposals for an Automatic
Continuing Resolution, by Robert Keith, RL30339, May 19, 2000 (11-page pdf
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Emergency Spending:
Statutory and Congressional Rules, by
James Saturno, RS21035, July 17, 2003 (4-page pdf
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Origination Clause
of the U.S. Constitution: Interpretation & Enforcement, by
James Saturno, RL31399, May 10, 2002 (22-page pdf
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Congressional
Budget Resolutions: Motions to Instruct Conferees, by
Robert Keith, RL31840, July 12, 2004
(11-page pdf
)
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Omnibus Appropriations Acts: Overview of Recent Practices, by
Robert Keith, RL32473, April 27, 2005
(12-page pdf
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Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process, by
James Saturno, 97-865, May 19, 2005
(16-page pdf
)
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Supplemental Appropriations: Trends and Budgetary Impacts Since 1981, by
Thomas Hungerford, RL33134, November 2, 2005
(11-page pdf
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The Budget Reconciliation Process: House and Senate Procedures, by
Robert Keith and Bill Heniff Jr., RL33030, August 10, 2005
(113-page pdf
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CRS Reports
on Earmarks (pdfs
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Earmarks in
Appropriations Acts: FY1994, FY1996, FY1998, FY2000, FY2002, FY2004,
FY2005, CRS Memorandum, by the CRS Appropriations Team, January
26, 2006 (49-page pdf
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Earmarks and Limitations in Appropriations Bills, by Sandy Streeter, 98-518 GOV, December 7, 2004
(3-page pdf
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Water Infrastructure Project Earmarks in EPA Appropriations: Trends
and Policy Implications, by Claudia Copeland, RL32201, April 10,
2007 (15-page pdf
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Surface Transportation: SAFETEA-LU, by John Fischer, IB10138,
August
12, 2005 (12-page pdf
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Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2006 Appropriations, by Paul Irwin, RL32952, December 1, 2005
(56-page pdf
)
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Arts
and Humanities: Background on Funding, by Susan Boren, RS20287,
February 16, 2006 (6-page pdf
)
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Other Resources: Legislation and
Articles
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Legislation
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Pork-Barrel Reduction Act, S. 2265 (GPO)
(13-page pdf
)
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S. 2265 (Thomas)
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Transparency and Integrity in Earmarks Act of 2006, S. 2261
(Thomas)
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CLEAN UP Act, S. 2179
(Thomas)
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Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require parity and transparency in the earmark process, H.RES. 674
(Thomas)
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Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require that general appropriation bills contain a separate list of all earmarks in the accompanying report and the name of the sponsoring Member of each such earmark,
H.RES.662 (Thomas)
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Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to protect
the integrity of the institution,
H.RES. 659
(Thomas)
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Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2006,
H.R.4682 (Thomas)
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Lobbying Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006,
H.R.4667
(Thomas)
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Obligation of Funds Transparency Act of 2005, H.R.1642
and
S.1495
(Thomas)
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Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to strengthen
the budget process, H.RES.
121
(Thomas)
Articles
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"Out On Their Ears," Investors Business Daily, February 15, 2006
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"Rep. Jeff Flake on Earmarks in New York Times," February 9, 2006 - from FreedomWorks
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"Federal Spending - By The Numbers," by Brian Riedl, The Heritage Foundation, February
6, 2006 (13-page pdf
)
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"Earmark -- It's $$$, Not Body Art," by Jeffrey H. Birnbaum, The Washington Post, February 3, 2006
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"Earmarks," Hobnob Blog, February 2, 2006
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Up to Their Earmarks (chart), The Washington Post, January 27, 2006
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"Six Budget Reforms to Restrain Lobbyists and Special Interests," by Brian Riedl, WebMemo #968, The Heritage Foundation, January 25, 2006
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"Hill leaders may be pressed to give up district projects," by Jonathan E. Kaplan, The Hill, January 25, 2006
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"Backlash against earmarks gains steam," by Peter Cohn, CongressDaily, January 18, 2006
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"Education earmarks clog budget bill," by George Archibald, The Washington Times, January 9, 2005
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"Pork defenders praise earmarks," by Brian Friel, National Journal, May 10, 2004
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MIT Policy on Congressional Earmarks
(2003)
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"How Congressional Earmarks and Pork-Barrel Spending Undermine State and Local Decisionmaking," by Dr. Ronald D. Utt, Backgrounder #1266, The Heritage Foundation, April 2, 1999
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"The Federal Budget Process,"
by Allen Schick (Brookings 2007) In this third
edition of his classic book The Federal Budget, Allen Schick
addresses issues such as the collapse of the congressional
budgetary process and the threat posed by the termination of
discretionary spending caps. This edition updates and
expands his assessment of the long-term budgetary outlook,
and it concludes with a look at how the nation's deficit
will affect America now and in the future. |
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"Congressional Deskbook,"
by Michael
Koempel and
Judy Schneider. The complete guide to
Congress.
Chapter 9. Legislating in Congress: Federal Budget Process |
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"Congressional Operations Poster,"
Information-packed 2-sided, color poster with select sections from the Congressional Deskbook. Back includes federal budget process flowchart and budget process glossary. |
Quick
DC Links - Washington Essentials
URL: www.TheCapitol.Net/Research/federalbudget.htm
Last updated:
January 02, 2009
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